Ten Years' Statistics of British Agriculture, 1870-79

Smoking: Ten Years' Observations of British Doctors

In previous papers (Doll and Hill, 1954, 1956) we have described how at the end of October 1951 we sent a short and simple questionary to the 59,600 men and women whose names were on the current British Medical Register and who were then resident in the United Kingdom. In addition to giving name, address, and age, they were asked to say whether (a) they were, at that time, smokers of tobacco, (...

Ten Years of Intensive Environmental Monitoring in British Forests

In the early 1980s, deterioration in the crown condition of trees across many regions of Europe raised concerns over the health of European forests, and many countries established surveys to monitor this. In Britain, the Forest Condition Survey was instigated in 1984 (Binns et al., 1985) with an annual assessment of tree crown density on between 300 and 400 plots of five widely planted forest t...

British Romantic Generalism in the Age of Specialism, 1870-1990.

This essay explores the impact of 'generalism' and 'general practice' on the specialisation of British medicine using the case of neurology in Britain to reveal characteristics of British 'generalist medical culture' from 1870 to 1990. It argues that 'generalism' represented a particular epistemological position in Victorian medicine, one that then created a natural bridge between science and m...

How Good Was The Profitability Of British Railways , 1870 - 1912 ?

Agricolae - Ten years of an open source statistical tool for experiments in breeding, agriculture and biology

Plant breeders and educators working with the International Potato Center (CIP) needed freely available statistical tools. In response, we created first a set of scripts for specific tasks using the open source statistical software R. Based on this we eventually compiled the R package agricolae as it covered a niche. Here we describe for the first time its main functions in the form of an artic...